Yup'ik Eskimos have inhabited this region for thousands of years due to the area's rich resources, however Atmautluak itself was not settled until the 1960s. People moved to this site on higher ground to avoid flooding and for the rich resources of the area. A City was incorporated in 1976, but it was dissolved on Feb. 7, 1996 in favor of the traditional village council government.
A federally recognized tribe is located in the community -- the Atmautluak Traditional Council. 95.9% of the population are Alaska Native or part Native. Atmautluak is a traditional Yup'ik Eskimo village with a subsistence and fishing lifestyle. The sale or importation of alcohol is banned in the village.

During the 2000 U.S. Census, there were 64 total housing units, and 4 were vacant. 107 residents were employed. The unemployment rate at that time was 10.83%, although 52.02% of all adults were not in the work force. The median household income was $37,917, per capita income was $8,501, and 30.28% of residents were living below the poverty level.

Treated well water is hauled by residents, and the Pitmiktakik River is also used. Honeybuckets are hauled by residents to sewage bunkers. None of the homes have plumbing. A new washeteria was recently completed. The school is connected to the City water plant, and was recently connected to the washeteria's septic system with two lift stations. Funds have been requested to conduct a Master Plan for future infrastructure development, and to construct a new landfill.
Electricity is provided by Atmautluak Joint Utilities.

There is one school located in the community, attended by 80 students.

Local hospitals or health clinics include Atmautluak Health Clinic.

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